Purpose and Methods:
The purposes of this study were to: 1) compare the metabolic and cardiovascular effect of water depth versus land on energy expenditure during walking at selected speeds in persons of variable weight 2) record perceptions of effort and discomfort plus affect of participants during and immediately following each exercise session 3) determine if the type of walking exercise impacts the amount of estimated weekly physical activity in these subjects. Eighteen female subjects ranging in age from 21-60 yrs and body mass index (body wt. in kg/ht. in meters2) of 21.5 – 44.94 walked on three separate days in one week on a land treadmill (TM) in 24° C air and on a separate week in a water treadmill (ATM, Hydroworxtm) at 30°
C. Each session consisted of six 5-minute walking bouts of 1.5, 2.0, 2.5, 3.0, 3.5 and 4.0 miles per hour. For ATM the water depth was different each day, using a water depth either at the xiphoid level (xip), 10 cm below xiphoid (-10cm), and 10 cm above xiphoid (+10cm). During each walking bout heart rate (HR), oxygen consumption (VO2), Ventilation (VEBTPS), Tidal Volume, (VT) were recorded continuously. Ratings of Perceived Exertion (RPE, overall and leg exertion), leg pain/discomfort (LP), and measures of affect (Feeling Scale (FS) and Felt Arousal Scale (FAS)) were solicited at the end of each bout. Prior to and following the fi rst and third session of both land a

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